Distinguishing Between Normal Teenage Angst and Clinical...

It is not uncommon to hear stories about a teenager experiencing mood swings and rebelling against those in authority. Nor is it uncommon to experience general sadness or anxiety in high school and college. However, it is often difficult to tell the difference between normal teenage angst and clinical depression. It is not commonly known that there has recently been a staggering rise of depression in adolescents. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, one in twelve adolescents in the United States suffer from depression, which is 8.3 % of the teenage population. In order to combat the problem of adolescent depression, it is essential that parents take an active role in their adolescent’s life by both acknowledging and†¦show more content†¦One theory, argued by Peter Gray, a research psychologist at Boston College, is that the rise in adolescent depression is due not only to the adolescent’s feeling of lack of control over his or her life but also a shift from intrinsic goals to extrinsic goals. Gray explains that teenagers in our modern society do not feel as if they have control over their lives even though it may appear that we do have more control over factors such as disease and wealth. Julien Rotter’s questionnaire is used to measure a person’s sense of control, and Gray points out that the scores of modern day indicate that the average young person in 2002 was more â€Å"external† than were â€Å"80% of the young people in the 1960’s.† This means that teenagers today have the attitude that what is supposed to happen will, indicating a sense of lack of control over a situation, which is one of the main reasons depression and anxiety occur. (Gray, Dramatic Rise) Along with this idea, Gray references Jean Twenge when he argues that there has been a shift from more personal goals to more worldly goals in teenagers. Twenge found that more adolescents are forming extrinsic goals, or †Å"those that have to do with material rewards and other people’s judgments† rather than intrinsic goals which have to do with â€Å"one’s own development as a person.† Because

Televisions Effect on Families as Expressed in Marie...

It may be hard to admit, but television has become an intricate part of our everyday lives. People children often find themselves sitting in front of the television screen for a longer period of time than before and this has evolved immensely over the past few years. In this article, â€Å"The Trouble with Television,† by the author Marie Winn, mentions that addiction of television is negative effects on children and families. It keeps the families from doing other things and it’s a hidden competitor for all other activities. Television takes place of play and on top of that kids who watch a lot of television grow uncivilized. Also, the author mentioned that televisions are less resourceful for children and have negative effects on children’s†¦show more content†¦Winn says television will lead to the addiction of it because it becomes part of your life, and soon the real world are too boring to live in all the time. Winn also says that with television p leasures available and other experiences seem less attractive. The viewer eventually gets so addicted that they put off all other things. It’s very true, for example my daughter used to watch television everyday when she is back from school and her grades were getting low. So I change the schedule of television watching just in the weekend and her grades improve dramatically. I have experience that watching television too much makes people start forgetting. The next argument of Marie Winn is effect of Television addiction is on our society. Addiction is a condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with or involved in something. People are not aware of the dangers that can inflict on human mind and people are becoming socially unproductive. Television shows resort to sex and violence to capture their audiences and these shows negatively affect our young viewers and it’s becoming a major problem. The author mentioned in the article that average person spends about 1000 hours watching television each year. She also said like drug addict, a television addict thrives on a certain experience to get high and lives off the incredible experience we feel while watching television because we are not able to stop it. There are people who often use television as a

Relationships in King Lear Essay Example For Students

Relationships in King Lear Essay King Lear is a play written by William Shakespeare that focuses on the relationships of many characters, some good, some evil. This is a great tragedy that is full of injustice at the beginning and the restoring of justice towards the end. The good are misjudged as evil and the evil are accepted as good. It is not until the end of the play that the righteous people are recognized as such. There is great treachery and deceit involved in the hierarchy of English rule. The great mistake in this play was made by Lear when he decided to divide up his kingdom to his three daughters. In order to determine which share each should get, he had each of his daughters give testimonies of love for him. Cordelia, the youngest, refused to go overboard with her statement. When asked for her testimony, she simply replied, â€Å"Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty according to my bond, no more no less.†(I,i, ln 91-93) Lear becomes enraged and casts her o ff saying, â€Å"Here I disclaim all my paternal care, propinquity and property of blood, and as a stranger to my heart and me hold this from thee for ever.†(I,i, ln 113-116). Some think that Cordelia was prideful, or even a fool in her response, but I believe she was simply being honest and true. Another mistake that was made in the course of the play was by the Earl of Gloucester. After being tricked by his bastard son, Edmund, into believing that his other son, Edgar, was plotting to kill him, he put all his faith in Edmund, which would eventually lead to his demise. Besides believing that Cordelia was being true and honest to her father, I think that Lear and the Earl of Gloucester were fools, regarding the banishments of their righteous children. After reading this play, I found it hard to believe that Cordelia was being anything but true in her simple proclamation of love for her father. I can’t believe that Shakespeare was trying to portray her as a spoiled, prideful child. I do not believe she was foolish in her decision to restrain from trying to persuade him into giving her a larger portion of his kingdom. I think it was apparent early that Cordelia was struggling with what she was going to say to her father. In her asides she says, â€Å"What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent†(I,i, ln 62), and after Regan spoke, â€Å"Then poor Cordelia; And yet not so, since I am sure my love’s more ponderous than my tongue.†(I,i, ln 76-78). It is obvious that she loves her father, but she can’t express it the way in which Lear wants her to. Because of this, she is disowned and sent away to France. The King even refers to her as, â€Å"Unfriended, new adopted to our hate, dow’red with our curse, and strangered with our oath.†(I,i, ln 203-204). Cordelia’s love for her father was shown further when she received the letters concerning Lear’s mental state after being mistreated by his two other daughters. It was said that, â€Å"now and then an ample tear trilled down her delicate cheek.†(IV,iii, ln 12-13). Cordelia then orders for some of the French soldiers to bring Lear to her so that she can look after him before the war between Britain and the French soldiers begins. Her love was further displayed when she says, â€Å"But love, dear love, and our aged father’s right. Soon may I hear and see him!†(IV,iv, ln 28-29). Because of all of this, I firmly believe that Cordelia truly loved her father and was only being honest when she refused to profess her love for him in order to rule a portion of Britain. .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .postImageUrl , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:hover , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:visited , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:active { border:0!important; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:active , .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869 .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3369f62ee7bd25761aaab9958335d869:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination and regrets EssayBesides believing that Cordelia was true in her response, I also think that Lear was acting as a fool when he disowned his only loving daughter. He made a monumental mistake when he handed over British rule to his two evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This is what eventually led to his mental breakdown and the deaths of many of the heads of Britain. If he had only chose to keep control over his kingdom or to give up control to someone trustworthy, no one would have had to suffer as they did. Some people knew he was committing a terrible folly, especially the Earl of Kent. This is apparent when he says, â€Å"Think’st thou that duty shall have dread to speak when power to flattery bows? To plainness honor’s bound when majesty falls to folly. Reserve thy state, and in thy best consideration check this hideous rashness.(I,i, ln 147-151). Lear ignores this plea and even banishes Kent, who returns later, disguised as a servant. Another person to recognize his mistake is the fool. In one of his rhymes, he says, â€Å"That lord that counselled thee to give away thy land, come place him here by me Do thou for him stand. The sweet and bitter fool will presently appear; the one in motley here, the other found out there.(I,iv, ln 133-140). After giving all his power to Regan and Goneril, they reject him, kicking him out of their houses. This treatment of Lear drives him mad and he wishes that he had never given away his power or disowned Cordelia. This can be seen when he states, â€Å"No, you unnatural hags! I will have such revenges on you both that all the world shall-I will do such things-What they are, ye t I know not; but they shall be the terrors of the earth.(II,iv, ln 273-277). It would take an entire book to explain all the ramifications of his great folly. However, I can say that the deaths of Goneril, Regan, Cordelia, and of himself may be attributed to his mistake. He also caused a war between Britain and France that should not have occurred. I believe it is clear that Lear acted as a fool when giving his land to Goneril and Regan, but not to Cordelia. Another character who was very foolish in distinguishing between good and bad children was the Earl of Gloucester. Edmund, a bastard son of Gloucester, tricked him into believing that his brother, Edgar wanted to kill him and take his inheritance. He wrote a phony letter which implied all of this. Gloucester became outraged and gave all his trust to Edmund. He even declares, â€Å"O villain, villain! His very opinion in the letter. Abhorred villain, unnatural, detested, brutish villain.†(I,ii, ln 74-76). Edgar then convi nces Edgar that he should flee because his life is in danger. He also believes Edmund, so he leaves his home and ends up hiding in a cave. Gloucester again takes Edmund completely into his confidence when he informs him that he was going to try and help Lear when he was out in a storm, even though he was given strict orders by Regan and the Duke of Cornwall. Edgar immediately tells Cornwall of the information he has just learned. He says to himself, â€Å"This courtesy forbid thee shall the Duke instantly know, and of that letter too. This seems a fair deserving, and must draw me that which my father loses-no less than all. The younger rises when the old doth fall.†(III,iii, ln 19-23). This treachery by Edmund ultimately leads to Gloucester having his eyes gauged out. Despite the efforts of Edgar to take care of him and restore his desire to live, Gloucester dies of a broken heart. Edgar explains, â€Å"His flawed heart Alack, too weak the conflict to support twixt two ext remes of passion, joy and grief, burst smilingly.(V,iii, ln 197-200). Edgar ends up killing Edmund, which means that Gloucester’s folly resulted in the deaths of both he and Edmund. It is very clear that the Earl of Gloucester can be considered a fool for taking Edmund into his confidence. .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .postImageUrl , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:hover , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:visited , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:active { border:0!important; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:active , .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c3ba711b83e38d00ae11915515ce57a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Values in Family Stories EssayOverall, this play was full of evil and treachery. However, justice seemed to be served somewhat at the end. I do believe that Cordelia was very good-natured and was the only â€Å"true† daughter of King Lear. In a play full of evil people, she was one of the only honest and loving. It is amazing that only through great hardships, such as Gloucester having his eyes plucked out, could he and Lear receive true insight.

Theories of Ageing and Their Impact on Health and Social Care free essay sample

Theories of ageing and their impact on Health and Social Care Provision (D2) During life span and development, we learned about each of the stages of life. In this report I am going to focus on the final stage which is elderly. In today’s society the population of elderly people is rising. As the population of elderly people is rising, it means the need for health and social care services is rising too. As health care services have improved so much over the last number of years, it also means that elderly people will be able to live longer because of improved services and more awareness about health. 10 million people in the UK are over 65 years old. The latest projections are for 5? million more elderly people in 20 years’ time and the number will have nearly doubled to around 19 million by 2050’ – parliament UK As people start to age, most retire around the age of 65/70. For many this is a positive thing as it means more free time and also many elderly people deserve to retire as they have worked hard during their life. When a person retires they may use the time to travel or to get more involved with their community. Some may also move abroad to get more experiences and make the most of the free time they have. Many people continue life-long learning after retirement and may take up a new hobby, sport or language to fill up their free time. However, not everyone’s retirement or becoming elderly is positive. Many elderly people who are not as active may develop an illness or become very lonely. If an elderly person was to develop an illness, it may make them less mobile, depending on the severity of the illness and may end up making them become disengaged from everyone. Dependency is another aspect that elderly people have to face at some point towards the end of their life or even at the start of ageing if they do develop an illness. Many elderly people that go into care homes sometimes feel neglected and a burden. They then may not have as positive end of life as others. The government plays an important role in providing care and other services for elderly people. There are many services that are already in place for people who are 65+. Some examples are: * Free bus passes * Dental care * Eye care * Heating allowances * Free TV licences Free hearing aids * Home helps * Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy treatment free of charge These are just some examples of what is available for people aged 65+. There are many other measures being put in place all the time for elderly people. The government also constantly make positive changes to health care services. E. G. there are more care homes and domiciliary carers now than there would have been 20 years ago. A number of years ago, many elderly people would have been put in hospital and left there till they died however this is not the case anymore. Elderly people now have a choice whether they want to stay at home or go into a type of care setting. There are many ways in which the government have put measures in place to work around the service user and not to go by what the organisation wants. E. G. an elderly person has the choice of having a carer in each day to help them or whether or not they would rather go into care home. This is a positive change because it means not as many elderly people will have to worry about being put into a home without their consent. The government also have in place a pension. This can help an elderly person to live once they retire or run out of savings. Some elderly people may sell their house to cover the cost of living in a care home. This can then cause problems for families as they do not get anything. During my work placement I got talking to an elderly lady who was telling me about her 40 grandchildren that she has and how she would have to give them all money at Christmas. She said she shouldn’t really have given them all money because she can’t afford it but that it was something she always did. There are many reasons in today’s society why there are elderly people living in poverty. There are many cut backs being made that affects everyone although more so than others E. G. an elderly person. If an elderly person doesn’t have any savings and are just relying on benefits then they may start to struggle. A lot of elderly people go into residential care simply because they cannot afford to live alone and provide food and heat for themselves. For unfortunate elderly people who become ill, then they may face barriers too because they may be on a waiting list for something that they urgently need. Many elderly people do not have family to help and support them either and so some end up isolated and having to face problems on their own. In some cases, there are problems with domiciliary carers coming into an elderly person’s house. The statistics for levels of abuse states that the highest number of cases of abuse takes place in someone’s own home. This is a problem because an elderly person is vulnerable, especially if they are ill or have a mental health problem. However, there are many measures put in place now to try and prevent abuse happening E. G. eople who apply for a caring job have to be vetted and police checked, inspections are done in care homes more frequently and elderly people have advocates to speak up for them. Finally, elderly people should look at ageing as a positive aspect of their life because there are so many ways in which they can have a happy end of life and many other reasons why they shouldn’t become disengaged to everyone. Also , elderly people still have many opportunities to learn new skills and can also gain more experiences which should be enjoyed and treasured E. G. having grandchildren and watching their family grow.

Title Animal Farm Essays - British Films, Cold War Films, Allegory

Title : Animal Farm Author : George Orwell Date of first publication : 1945 Total number of pages : 112 Date started : 18 november 1996 Date finished : 21 november 1996 Enjoyment Rate (simply rate your enjoyment on a scale of 1-10): 7.5 Favourite moment, incident or chapter (with page references): My favourite moment is when Napoleon is false accusing four pigs of treachery and without any regret he orders to kill the four pigs. Then three hens say that Snowball appeared to them in a dream and he ordered them to disobey Napoleon's orders. They also were slaughtered. Some more animals confess to Napoleon, that they steel or did something else what wasn't allowed to do, according to Napoleon's laws. This al happens on the pages 68 and 69. Why did you choose this book? I heard that the book was easy to read. Point of view. Through whose eyes do we see everything take place? Through the eyes of the author. Describe this character: He doesn't like the communism. Setting. Where does the story take place? The story takes place on a farm in England. When does the story take place? Is has no effect on the story when it takes place, it's is only written to make fun of the communism. Title (Explanation of the title) Animal Farm is the name that the animals gave it, when they conquered the farm. Characters. Mention 2 or 3 of most important minor characters in the story. Boxer and Clover, both aren't very clever, but they can work very hard and all the animals look up to them. How do they influence the main characters? They don't really influence the pigs, but the pigs are just using them for all the hard work. Which character reminds you most of yourself? Why? Non of the animals reminds my of myself. Plot (brief outline): The owner of the Manor Farm treats his animals very bad. One day a smart pig (Major) has an idea of starting a farm which is runned by animals. After he died, two pigs, named Napoleon and Snowball, are starting to work out the plans of Major. After they chased the humans away, they took over the control. All the animals agreed with the plans of Napoleon and Snowball. But one day Napoleon chased Snowball away, because Napoleon accused him of talking to the humans, which was illegal. Then Napoleon took over the power and now he is the leader of the Animal Farm. At the end pigs, who are in charge, decided to trade with humans. Meanwhile the pigs were also walking straight up, just like humans. The pigs invited the human to there farm for a party. When the other animals look in the house, where the pigs live in, it was impossible to say which were which. How does the story end? The story ends with that the animals can't see the difference between the pigs and humans. Is the story rounded off completely or is there an open ending? The story is rounded off. Theme (Why has the book been written): To warn people against the totalitarian regimes and dictatorship.

World Food Distirbution essays

World Food Distirbution essays World Food Distribution and Hunger Problem It is ironic that the world food supply has continued to increase over the years, (FAO, 1986) that in the next century a global food supply will be enough to meet food demand and yet hunger and famine continue to stalk a large section of human kind. World food distribution is not equal and whereas there is overproduction in the Western World to a point where surpluses have to be destroyed... (Ndiritu, 1). Read this statement, and think about it for a while, what does it tell you? As you read on I will try to explain to you why the food distribution throughout the world is not equal and how it increase hunger throughout the world. There are countries that are making more food than the people consume, this mainly happens in the core countries. There are other countries that are making food that are way below than what an average person consumes, this mainly happens in the poor countries. This problem involves everybody in the world, not just the poverty and hunger stricken peopl e. Another reason for the inequality of the worlds food distribution is the people are not being properly or not even being educated agriculturally. Location plays a big part in food distribution, for example if a group of people live far out in a hot, humid climate the food will most likely be spoiled when it arrives. Us humans waste a lot of food, without thinking about it. A lot of people do not think much of quantity when they prepare their food. They will prepare a too much and end up throwing it away. We throw away a lot of food without thinking about it. When a person goes to restaurant they order a big portion of food and they dont finish it and they end up throwing it away, instead of having it bagged up to take along. There are plenty of other ways we waste food, for instance, a farmer grow too much food that he cant sell or eat, he throws it away that was just a c...

Primary Source Annotation Assignment about women history in USA Essay

Primary Source Annotation Assignment about women history in USA - Essay Example In his defense of what he considers a woman’s practice, he establishes the origin of man-midwifery as a â€Å"fashion first set by the court prostitute of Paris† in December 1663. He urges the Bostonians not to accept the practice of man-midwifery and instead urges women to advertise themselves in the papers as practitioners of the art. The fact that Gregory finds it important to offer such a strong defense in favor of women is a statement that women in the colonial era were not regarded as qualified enough to perform â€Å"obstetric art† (15). He also alludes to the fact that most husbands, wives, and daughters were not at ease with male mid-wives as â€Å"the husband’s monopoly over his wife ceased† (9). The statement clearly shows that man-midwifery was associated with moral decadence and extramarital relations. Several aspects of women in the colonial era emerge Gregory’s paper. First, the fact that it is a man championing the rights of women to monopolize the practice of midwifery means that women at the time were not in a position to argue for themselves. This could be as a result of lack of training and education. Gregory applauds efforts from Paris where an institution was established to train women on midwifery practices. He suggests that such an institution should be established in Boston. The growing custom of man-midwifery or accoucheurs was seen as a â€Å"war against women [which was] prosecuted with the same vigor [in Boston] as in England† (11). This shows that even as early as 1840, women were still struggling to be recognized as an important part of the society. Those who supported women to take up the midwifery roles sought to embrace the long standing tradition that was established in England and Europe as a whole. At first Gregory points to instances where women in the past have taken the task of helping fellow women deliver. He associates the

Anatomy and physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anatomy and physiology - Essay Example Although my heart was pounding within me as I entered the door, BODIES...The Exhibition eased me into the experience by starting with the skeletal system. There were a few human skeletons in the room but I was fascinated by the expanded skull and complete spinal display. In this section of the exhibition, I was amazed to learn that human bone is five times stronger than steel and that children’s bones grow faster in the spring. Every one of the 206 bones in the human body was on display. The muscular system was more graphic and I had to pause in the gallery for a moment to take in the red and white figures displayed to highlight the movements of the muscles. This section marked the beginning of the display of nearly twenty human bodies displayed in athletic poses to illustrate how the human muscles work in unison with each other. Some of the human specimens were arranged as if they were performing activities such as playing basketball, kicking a football and conducting an orchestra. The real shocker was a skeleton dancing with it’s own skin! Two bodies were displayed holding hands with extended arms to balance each other. I was in sheer disbelief when I realized that it is really one body – one side depicting the muscles and the other depicting the skeleton. These displays helped me understand how our bones and muscles work together as we stretch, hold hands or do any other chores. Although my textbook ‘Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiologyà ¢â‚¬â„¢ explains the mechanism of muscular movements in great detail, one has to see these muscles displayed the way they are in this exhibition to appreciate what â€Å"actually† goes on under our skin. On display was a skinless male figure posed similar to the famous Rodin sculpture ‘The Thinker’ highlighting the muscular system, the spinal chord and the brain. I was impressed to see how the display

Franchise - Culture and Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Franchise - Culture and Structure - Essay Example It goes on to use the McKinsey 7-S model to examine the components of the business. The paper ends with the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-&-Threat (SWOT) analysis of the company and concludes with a decision on the appropriateness of buying a Ferrari franchise. Organizational Design Marranello, a town near Bologna in northern Italy has been the home of Ferrari since the 1940s (Ferrari Factory Website, 2011). The central location at Marranello is made up of 45 buildings which houses the 3,000 employees of Ferrari who range from factory workers through to the top level management of Ferrari. Components relevant for the manufacture of Ferrari cars are imported from all over the world and assembled at the Northern Italian plant. From there, the various cars are shipped to different parts of the world where they are sold through agents and outlets. Ferrari dealers have three different packages that they can sell to customers: Ferrari Genuine, Ferrari Power & Ferrari Approved. In consideri ng purchasing a franchise, the options available include the reselling of these three Ferrari brands. Ferrari Genuine includes the sale of genuine spare parts for Ferrari cars. Ferrari Power is an insurance package and some related financial activities that ensure that Ferrari users are protected in cases of losses. Ferrari Approved on the other hand seeks to co-ordinate the interests of various Ferrari owners and link them with the company. Aside these three main brands, Franchise sellers can also provide various racing related services and sell some other Ferrari owned brands like fuels and racing related brands that have commercial value. The business environment of Ferrari has unique components and systems that work together to make it a leading racing and luxury car manufacturer. Goold & Campbell (2002) stated that there are nine components of organizations that define each and every business. They argue that a business is made up of structured systems and components that are d efined and laid out by the owners of the company. Aside these defined systems, there are emergent issues that affect the design of the organization. The nine components eventually lay down the definitive structure for a business. 1. Strategy: A business needs to operate in a given market in order to reach a given pool of consumers. In this quest, there are some competitors that might also target the same markets. In the case of Ferrari, it has evolved over the years to become a company that desires to stay at the forefront of research through maintaining a strong position in the motor-sport industry (Davenport & Beck, 2008). In other words, Ferrari desires to target upmarket clients around the globe to produce cars that have the best and most modern inputs and systems at premium prices. The emergent of new ideas in the industry helps them to change their ways of delivering their services at different point in time. The strength of the Ferrari strategy lies in the price of their cars , which are in the millions of dollars and are valuable even years after purchased because they easily become antiques. As a franchise owner, one will expect to sell these expensive cars to customers around the world that comes with high profit margins. In other words, a single sale that a franchise owner makes will bring in profits that hundreds or thousands of ordinary cars that a normal car dealer will make. These end users often use the cars for races which earn a lot of revenue since it comes with the sale of television rights and the

An Analysis Of Dominos Pizza

An Analysis Of Dominos Pizza Macro and micro environment Analysis: Downturn in national or world economies and rising of inflation which is being experienced current period, are the most common factors that can affect businesses. Conversely, what cause an adverse effect for many companies, has had a constructive effect for Dominos Pizza UK, Ireland, the most leading delievery franchise. Keeping in view the current economic situation Dominos Pizza sales had increased up to 11% in the first six week of 2008 than that of same period of last year, due to, mostly people preferred for delivery at home, instead of going for eat outs, Like-for-like sales rose 14.7% last year, despite a price rise across Dominos menu last autumn. (The Times, 20th February 2008) According to Cheif Executive, The Chris Moore, The results are proof that our price point is resilient in these economic times and that we are benefiting from the downturn in the restaurant sector. Instead of eating out three or four times a week, we are seeing real signs that [people] have cut that to once or twice. They are filling up that gap with pizza instead. (The Times, 20 February 2008) His comments came soon after the company announced plans to move up to the main market in order to obtain funds it has been unable to attract in the nine years it has spent on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM). Dominos shares have climbed 14-fold since the company floated in November 1999 and the group now has 501 sites across the UK and Ireland, with plans to open 50 more this year. Its aim is to have 1,000 by 2017. (The Times, 20th February 2008). Dominos said, sales had been enhanced, due to these new pizzas, like wise, Meateor and the rugby-themed Scrummy, and by offering new ways of ordering, like wise e-commerce salesorders taken electronically either online or through text messages, due to which sales have been intensified to 60.5%. According to Dominos prediction, the drift for ordering-in food would continue this year. At present the external environment shifting rapidly. The external environment consists of everything outside the business. Even in the present critical economical situation, dominos continues to succeed which is due to dominos remorseless emphasis on the quality of dominos pizzas, penetrating commitment to service and by publicizing to dominos customers to whenever and wherever they are willing to order. It is their frevency that has brought profit growth of 27.8% to  £29.9m (2008:  £23.4m) and that will persists to get-up-and-go dominos business in years to come. PEST ( Political, Economic, Social and Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may distress the business in diverse ways. In UK, there isnt as such factors that might embrace dominos business. While factors like, laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it should follow according to rules. ii. ECONOMIC FACTORS: If the countys economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, it is the initiative for business as the per capita income increases people will spend more money. According to dominos survey, it came to know that mostly people spend more and visit more often, during or start in on of months. Moreover, rise in inflation rate, leads to increment of cost of raw material which also leads towards higher prices for goods and vice versa iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Dominos is a multinational and it is basically inaugurated from America, therefore, the organization is snowed under by dominos western culture. There are different social forms of society which consists of, upper class, middle class, middle upper class, and lower class. Moreover, every single nation, state has their own cultural norms, beliefs, religion, values which might affect the organization world wide. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: At the present time, technology is improving, so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to these innovative technology there are many latest ways of publicizing like wise, through internet; telemarketing through which organization can advertise their products in much more rapidly than ever before. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Briefly discuss the industry of sector The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, can be considered outside of the scope of the modern food industry. The food industry includes: Regulation: local, regional, national and international rules and regulations for food production and sale, including food quality and food safety, and industry lobbying activities Education: academic, vocational, consultancy Research and development: food technology Financial services insurance, credit Manufacturing: agrichemicals, seed, farm machinery and supplies, agricultural construction, etc. Agriculture: raising of crops and livestock, seafood Food processing: preparation of fresh products for market, manufacture of prepared food products Marketing: promotion of generic products (e.g. milk board), new products, public opinion, through advertising, packaging, public relations, etc. Wholesale and distribution: warehousing, transportation, logistics These subtle technologies ascertain prevailing food production. Which encompasses numerious areas, including, Agricultural machinery, originally led by the tractor, has practically eliminated human labor in many areas of production. Biotechnology is driving much change, in areas as diverse as agrochemicals, plant breeding and food processing. Many other areas of technology are also involved, to the point where it is hard to find an area that does not have a direct impact on the food industry. Computer technology is also a central force, with computer networks and specialized software providing the support infrastructure to allow global movement of the myriad components involved. Key success factors The critical success factors are related to dominos broad areas, customers preference for pizza as a food item. Its ability to prepare a pizza within a short time, to deliver it within 30 minutes of recording the order, and the store location. Since Dominos business model is based on home delivery, the speed of preparing the pizza and delivering it are the critical success factors. International strategies (Competitive analysis) SWOT Analysis: Every organization has its own strengths and weaknesses as well as threats and opportunities, As far as dominos swot is concerned its swot analysis is as under. Strengths: Currently Dominos is the market leader in providing wide range of pizzas, in a manner that there are no competitor in this sector. There admireble image has made the organization more worthfull. Moreover, Dominos is render pleasing taste, quality products with qualified staff, splendid ambience and hygienic surroundings. They are specialized in pizzas. Moreover Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have equipped with plenty of resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of dominos competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Dominos can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Dominos can market to families much easier than Dominos or Little Caesars. Dominos weaknesses: As far as dominos weaknesses is concerned, dominos holding a restaurant to run is also the major weakness that it has, because of it has higher overhead cost than that of competitors as competitors dont have a restaurant to deal with therefore their overhead cost is quite lower than that of Dominos. As a result of higher overhead cost dominos charge higher prices. Obviously, Dominos is not the low cost producer. As they charge higher prices so thats why they are accountable for quality pizza and good service. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on western taste instead of Eastern. Very few outlets have dine-in facilities The menu is limited and pricey, and there are very few budget items on the menu. Opportunities: Dominos has a high potential therefore it has numerous opportunities like wise, if it come across new markets then new opportunities will be born. Considering eastern test of the people like Mc donalds, Dominos can come up with new products. Market share can be increased by bringing variety of new products. Prices can be reduced because of more dominos. Threats: Currently major threat that Dominos can face are from competitors, as their immediate competitor which is pizza hut, is working over to open their branch hastily. But competitive advantage that dominos have over pizza hut is their lower price. Evaluate dominos company strategies with other different companies: Though Dominos has flourished in expanding over continent and had observed a remarkable achievements, but in attaining to develop globally, it has been unabled to manage the domestic market with full proficiency and as a consequence , is losing grounds in the domestic market. Moreover , Dominos has mobilized the standard of pizza industry to a great extend, keeping current economic situation in mind, where rising of commodity prices and decrease in peoples purchasing power, Dominos is struggling to keep a tie between profitability as well as maintaining standards. Moreover, the increasing competition in the fast food industry adds to these cluster of challenges. The main reason for Pizza Huts has been their menu that has been constantly reformed and expanded in order to foster with the changing need and preferences of customer in different part of the world. In having understood the pulse of the customers, Pizza Hut has clearly established itself as a brand with a Britain heart and Dominos need to learn that. Benchmarking: For many years as a private company, Dominos really benchmarked against itself, without looking at the outside world. We were proud of the fact that for many years we had positive same-store sales, which is a big financial indicator of growth and success in the retail world. Well, that was the good news. The bad news was that during those years our competitors were growing at a very faster pace. Dominos were actually giving up market share. At the same time, dominos were hosting internal celebrations of the fact that against our own internal matrix dominos were doing well. Dominos not only had to look at what had been our past results and reconcile how dominos were performing against that benchmark, but also dominos needed to look at the world around us, look at our competitors, and in many instances, I really wanted us to look at the very best in class. Who is out there doing the best possible job in this particular area of business? Dominos need to find out what their results are and start to hold ourselves accountable for that particular level of performance. Dominos accept mediocrity because dominos can choose a lot of people around us who are just as mediocre as dominos are. I want to find the very, very best, and I want to benchmark against them, and I want to get as good or better. I think if I lead that expectation and I get my team and my organization to embrace it, thats how dominos were going to become world-class performers. Takeaways When organization become successful, people tend to believe that thing now dont need to improve but the fact is, things does not remain the same-it can be worst even or it can be better. At the instant companies become confident and detached at the very instant companies begin to decline. In order to have a high-performance organization you need to cultivate a culure of continuous improvement. Dont go for ordinariness, instead, analyse your competitors, set benchmark against them and attain the top-notch performance. Organisation strategy: A businesss strategy is basically arrangement of decision that a company make in order to attain its goals. A business has cluster of goals and objectives. And in order to attain those objectives businesses need to organize their business activities. For running a business, planning is essential for both current and as well future activities. Therefore, in order to attain their business objectives , organization need to comply with different strategies. In accordance with, Dominos has also adopted many strategies which help in attaining the target which are set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawer. Changes in the external as well as internal environment has made Dominos to re consider their past strategies and has hence designed new strategies after considering the changes in the environment. Through SWOT and PEST analysis, environmental changes are scrutinized. After acknowledging all the factors Dominos has decided upon the strategies and their current strategie s are categorized into five main categories and further have sub parts. These strategies are: -Functional Strategies: These strategies are outlined to improve proficiency of business operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resources etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Dominos has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Porters Five Forces analysis of market structure The competitive structure of an industry can be analysed using Porters five forces. This model attempts to analyse the attractiveness of an industry by considering five forces within a market. According to Porter (1980) the likelihood of firms making profits in a given industry depends on five factors: 1. The likelihood of new entry i.e. the extent to which barriers to entry exist. The more difficult it is for other firms to enter a market the more likely it is that existing firms can make relatively high profits. The likelihood of entering a market would be difficult if: the entry costs are high e.g. if heavy investment is required in marketing or equipment there are major advantages to firms that have been operating in the industry already in terms of their experience and understanding of how the market works (this is known as the learning effect) Government policy prevents entry or makes it more difficult; for example, protectionist measures may mean a tax is placed on foreign products or there is a limit to the number of overseas goods that can be sold. This would make it difficult for a foreign firm to enter a market the existing brands have a high level of loyalty the existing firms may react aggressively to any new entrant e.g. with a price war The existing firms have control of the supplies .e.g. entering the diamond industry might be difficult because the majority of known sdominosces of diamonds are controlled by companies such as De Beers. 2. The power of buyers. The stronger the power of buyers in an industry the more likely it is that they will be able to force down prices and reduce the profits of firms that provide the product. Buyer power will be higher if: there are a few, big buyers so each one is very important to the firm the buyers can easily switch to other providers so the provider needs to provide a high quality service at a good price The buyers are in position to take over the firm. If they have the resdominosces to buy the provider this threat can lead to a better service because they have real negotiating power 3. The power of suppliers. The stronger the power of suppliers in an industry the more difficult it is for firms within that sector to make a profit because suppliers can determine the terms and conditions on which business is conducted. Suppliers will be more powerful if: there are relatively few of them (so the buyer has few alternatives) switching to another supplier is difficult and/or expensive the supplier can threaten to buy the existing firms so is in a strong negotiating position 4. The degree of rivalry This measures the degree of competition between existing firms. The higher the degree of rivalry the more difficult it is for existing firms to generate high profits. Rivalry will be higher if: there are a large number of similar sized firms (rather than a few dominant firms) all competing with each other for customers The costs of leaving the industry are high e.g. because of high levels of investment. This means that existing firms will fight hard to survive because they cannot easily transfer their resources elsewhere The level of capacity utilisation. If there are high levels of capacity being underutilised the existing firms will be very competitive to try and win sales to boost their own demand the market is shrinking so firms are fighting for their share of falling sales there is little brand loyalty so customer are likely to switch easily betdominosen products 5. The substitute threat. This measures the ease with which buyers can switch to another product that does the same thing e.g. aluminium cans rather than glass or plastic bottles. The ease of switching depends on what costs would be involved (e.g. transferring all ydominos data to a new database system and retraining staff could be expensive) and how similar customers perceive the alternatives to be. Using Porters analysis firms are likely to generate higher returns if the industry: Is difficult to enter There is limited rivalry Buyers are relatively small Suppliers are relatively small There are few substitutes. On the other hands returns are likely to be low if: The industry is easy to enter There is a high degree of rivalry between firms within the industry Buyers are strong Suppliers are strong It is easy to switch to alternatives The implication of Porters analysis for managers is that they should examine these five factors before choosing an industry to move into. They should also consider ways of changing the five factors to make them more favourable. For example: If firms merge together this can reduce the degree of rivalry. This has happened a great deal in industries such as automobiles, pharmaceuticals and banking where firms have joined together to remove competitors if firms buy up distributors (this is called forward vertical integration) they can gain more control over buyers if firms differentiate their product perhaps by trying to generate some form of Unique Selling Proposition (USP) that makes it stand out from the competition. This lies at the heart of many marketing and brand building activities. Coca Cola, for example, has fought hard to promote itself as the real thing; everything else is just imitation! if they react aggressively to a firm that enters its market this may deter potential entrants in the future The five forces will change over time as market conditions alter. For example, more information is available nowadays to enable customers to compare offerings and prices; this gives buyers more power. The opening up of world markets (for example through the efforts of the World Trade Organisation to reduce protectionist measures that limit trade and the expansion of the European Union enabling free trade between more countries) has led to much more rivalry in markets in recent years. In North America, for example, the sales of Japanese firms such as Toyota have gradually been reducing the market share of American producers such as General Motors as consumers have more choice. Meanwhile, the success of the internet has made it easier for producers to enter many markets such as finance, book retailing and clothes retailing; the ability to start selling online has reduced a major barrier to entry which was the investment required to set up a network of shops. As ever the business world is not static and the conditions in any industry will always be changing. As this happens the various elements of the five forces are always shifting requiring established firms and potential entrants to review their strategies. Effectiveness of international strategy: It reaches geographically dispersed buyers. Dominos vision is focused on Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! . Dominos is committed to bringing fun and excitement to the lives of dominos customers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less and all its strategies are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large and ever-growing customer base. Its all advertisement are image of core competencies. They also should have a variety of combinations of menu items which a customer can choose so that both the customer and the company can have a win-win situation. The company can have the maximum of the consumer surplus at the same time the consumer might feel that this was the best offer. From the menu card one can see the family size variants and the different pizza combinations in the same one pizza are all the different ways of pricing. The company attains the maximum profit in the meat items, so they give the selection of pizzas slices of different varieties and they are clubbed together to form a single pizza. Once the customer dines / orders @ home, normally discount coupons are given to the customer so that there is an incentive for the customer to order from Dominos . Thus customers are forced to maintain loyalty towards Dominos . Sustaining, building relationships and Exploiting Changing Conditions Over the years dominos has also developed and successfully introduced a range of products especially suited. What has also given dominos a competitive edge is that in addition to an extensive range of internationally renowned pizzas like The Italian, the proprietary Pan Pizza and Stuffed Crust, in the menu offers the option of a complete meal. It includes appetizers, a Salad Bar where the customers can make their own fresh salads, a range of soups, pastas and desserts etc. Dominos should also a community called as VIP- Members joining this club should be at no extra cost one can avail greater offers. Meanwhile Dominos are not behind Pizza Hut in introducing local tradition. Dominos believes strongly in the strategy of Think global and act local. Thus, time and again Dominos Pizza has been innovating with delicious new products such as crusts, toppings suitable to the taste buds of Consumers Firm market entry strategy: Dominos Pizza was able to gain ground by positioning Pizza as a snack and supporting it with its efficient home delivery system. For Dominos direct selling and interactive selling is not needed though they are involved in internet and cable TV promotions. Dominos always search for ways to gain efficiency by replacing one communication with others. The sustainability among communication tools explains why marketing function need to be coordinated. Growth strategies: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they dont really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. Potential development over 10 to 20 years: senior executives at Dominos are missing a key thought process about change, growth and innovation though. They didnt understand that every product, team, organization and individual goes through a process of birth, growth and decline that is similar to the shape of an elongated S. You cant avoid this process. At the beginning of every growth curve, you make investments with little or no reward. Its only through squeezing out operational inefficiencies, gaining and or growing market share that companies recover their initial investments and grow the bottom line and pay dividends to their stakeholders. Dominos rested on the part of the S-Curve where the maximum profit are being realized without understanding that decline, death, and decreased profit arent just probable, but are inevitable. Dominos is trying to jump the curve and are at the beginning of a new S-Curve time will tell as to whether they embrace team development and leadership development, which will ultimately determine whether they grow or die. Appropriate justified recommendation for improvement, development and international : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Increase varieties in Pizzas. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Focus on location of the outlets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Increase the quality of Pizzas. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Make good ambiance in outlets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Should focus more on marketing itself confidently. Conclusion: Dominos Pizza constantly strives to develop products that suit the tastes of its consumers and hence delighting them. Dominos believes strongly in the strategy of Think global and act local. Thus, time and again Dominos Pizza has been innovating with delicious new products such as crusts, toppings and flavours suitable to the taste buds of Consumers. Further, providing value for money at affordable products to the consumers has been Dominos motto. Initiatives such as Fun Meal and Pizza Mania have been extremely popular with consumers.

Multimedia The Wide Spectrum Essay -- Essays Papers

Multimedia The Wide Spectrum In this paper, I will endeavor to provide you with a basic overview as to what multimedia consists of. I will also delve into the visual aspect in the wide spectrum of multimedia to show what it consists of and for a better understanding as to how it fits in. Multimedia first began with games but Web pages, interactive courses, and catalogs with sound and video have now dominated the stage. Not long ago, the term â€Å"multimedia† referred to a room full of slide projectors, tape decks, and movie projectors. Multimedia presentations were hard to put together and even harder to run. Many of them took weeks of preparation and they were then shown only once (Curtin 217). The computer has changed all of that. With multimedia, it is easier to stitch together the various elements and, once finished, the multimedia presentation is available to be shown over and over again. Multimedia is widely used in the entertainment and education fields. For entertainment, you can play computer games that seem almost alive with sound and motion. In education, interactive multimedia programs allow you to study and progress at you own pace and branch into areas of interest when you want to. You can even be a multimedia developer simply by using traditional office applications. Sounds and videos can be embedded in spreadsheet or word processor documents so when recipients click an image or click an icon they get and explanation of key points. Multimedia has entered and clung to the mainstream because of its attention-holding capabilities and effectiveness. It is used everywhere from business presentations to museum exhibits. Holiday Inn, for instance, uses it to train employees. When they click on topics, the system â€Å"talks† to them. It has reduced training time on a new property management system from 14 to 6 days (Curtin 218). Though history, and over recent years, various media have been developed that inform or entertain: paintings, books, magazines, newspapers, movies, radio, and photography ("Multimedia"). Using computers, multimedia fuses two or more of these media together on the premise that the combination is better than any of the individual components. Hence the term â€Å"multi† media. Multimedia can be used for entertainment, corporate presentations, sales presentations, education, training, kiosks, digital publi... ...oth. When done as a series of steps, an animation shows the girl growing old. To make morphing realistic, certain areas of the image, such as the eyes, must be overlapped on the first and last images and locked into place. This way, other parts of the image seen to transform around these fixed points (Curtin 223). Works Cited Curtin, Dennis P., et al. Information Technology: The Breaking Wave. Boston: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998. Geiken, C. â€Å"Multimedia Design for the World Wide Web.† NCSA. 17 Dec. 1998. 1 Dec. 1999 http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Training/AdvHTML/multimedia.design.html. Hajicek, Donald J. Design Post. 1 Dec. 1999 http://www.designpost.com/defaultflash.htm. â€Å"Integrated Services Digital Network.† Bell Atlantic. 1999. 3 Dec. 1999 http://www.bell-atl.com/federal/html/isdn.htm. â€Å"Multimedia.† PC Webopaedia. 1998. 2 Dec. 1999 http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/m/multimedia.html. â€Å"Partial Project List.† Platinum Pictures Multimedia, Inc. 1999. 4 Dec. 1999 http://www.3dcafe.com/ppm/projects.htm. â€Å"Platinum’s 3D Art Gallery.† Platinum Pictures Multimedia, Inc. 1999. 4 Dec. 1999 http://www.3dcafe.com/ppm/gallery.htm.

Beer Wars Essay

Beer Wars is a documentary film directed and produced by Anat Baron and released in April of 2009. It focuses on the struggle between the dominating corporate businesses of Anheuser-Busch, Miller Brewing Company, Coors Brewing Company, and the smaller independent businesses of â€Å"craft beers† such as Dogfish Head Brewery, The Boston Beer Company, and The New Belgium Brewing Company. The film covers many aspects of the beer â€Å"wars† between the companies such as competitive advertising, product quality, price, distribution, and government regulations. Because of the enormous status and power of the big three, the ability to advertise and market their wares is significantly easier than for most other breweries. From being able to hire top dollar marketing experts to running multimillion dollar commercials during the Super Bowl, they dominate the beer advertising market. With their lack of ability to buy â€Å"shelf space†, smaller companies are often pushed out of the way and driven to less marketable places in the aisles of stores nationwide. Rhonda Kallman, owner of The New Century Brewing company, known for its craft beer â€Å"Moonshot†, talked about how she often would put up a poster advertising her beer one day only to find it replaced by a competitor’s poster the next day. This is a glimpse at the competitiveness that small breweries face day to day. Today, The New Century Brewing company is currently shut down due to the FDA’s banning of caffeinated beers; Moonshot fell victim to this regulatory axe. This is what happens when the bread and butter of your company can no longer be produced. The fall of Kallman’s company, however, is just another tragic story in the long history of beer manufactures. By the late 70‘s and early 80‘s, many people turned towards homebrewing to meet their taste needs because of the bland taste of the larger breweries products. Charlie Papazian was one of those people. A nuclear engineer at the University of Virginia, he started experimenting with homebrewing soon after it was legalized in 1978. His main focus was quality and diversity when out of his house he started the American Homebrewers Association; now a nationwide association of over 36,000 members with it’s own magazine. While giving a tour of his prized collection he made sure to point out that what he cared about most was â€Å"Quality. Not necessarily quantity, but quality. † Papazian was not the only one who desired quality over quantity. Samuel Calagione was yet another man focused on quality. In 1995 he founded the company Dogfish Head Brewery naming it after Dogfish Head, Maine where he spent summers as a child growing up. Starting out as a fledgling company in Delaware, and growing by nearly 400% between 2003 and 2006, it now is one of the most successful craft breweries in the U. S. A. The film went into great detail on the various struggles that small breweries went through. From the competitive advertising to the rules and regulations of the trade, small breweries are faced with many challenges day to day. After the Prohibition in the 1930’s, a three-tier system was set up by many states in order to control the flow of alcohol from producer to consumer. However, this proved to be often times a problem for fledgling companies with little buying power. In order to get their beers out there and known, they must go through a wholesaler distributer first. The problem though is that often times the wholesalers favor the Big Three or other large companies because of their buying power. When it came down to having to choose whether to ship a Coors Light or a Moonshot, often times the well known brand would be chosen not only for it’s popularity but also because of the pay that the larger companies could give for their favor over others. Kallman learned that shelf space is yet another difficulty faced by the craft beer companies. If you’re most seen, you’re most bought and the Big Three knew this. Another difficulty faced is the temptation to sell out to the big companies. Over the years, Anheuser-Busch, Miller, and Coors all have been buying up the little companies as soon as they showed promise; all in order to try to get a bigger piece of the pie that is market share. If they couldn’t buy you, they would try to destroy you. So in conclusion, Beer Wars is one of the first documentary films to go into great detail on the battle for survival and power between the various beer companies of America; showing the struggles of the craft breweries against the big companies and the fight for power among the larger companies and their major competitors. Sources http://beerwarsmovie. com/tag/rhonda-kallman/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ http://www. cnn. com/FOOD/resources/food. for. thought/beverages/alcohol/homebrew/papazian/.

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light absorbed by different concentrations of salicylic acid, compare those concentrations to our unknown sample and to use the data collected to compile a graph showing the levels of absorbance of the different concentrations. Methods and materials: In this lab we used a spectrophotometer, a test tube filled with water to be used as a blank, six test tubes with different concentrations of salicylic acid ranging from 0 mg/dL to 5 mg/dL and one test tube with an unknown concentration of salicylic acid. We set the spectrophotometer to a wavelength of 540 nm. We adjusted the transmittance to 0%. Next we placed the test tube with the water into the spectrophotometer and adjusted the transmittance dial to 100%. We removed the test tube containing the water and replaced it with the first concentration of 0 mg/dL. We recorded the absorbance and repeated the test for a total of 5 readings. We did this for each concentration. We then calculated the average of each concentration’s absorbance readings and plotted the averages onto the graph. Once we had gathered the data for our known concentrations we then repeated the procedure for our unknown concentration. We again took the average and plotted that on the absorbance curve to determine the concentration of the unknown. Observations and Data: Calibration Standard| Absorbance Reading 1| Absorbance Reading 2| Absorbance Reading 3| Absorbance Reading 4| Absorbance Reading 5| AverageAbsorbance Reading| 0 mg/dL| 0. 007| 0. 010| 0. 007| 0. 005| 0. 006| 0. 07| 0. 5 mg/dL| 0. 032| 0. 036| 0. 037| 0. 041| 0. 038| 0. 037| 1. 5 mg/dL| 0. 098| 0. 100| 0. 098| 0. 099| 0. 096| 0. 098| 2. 5 mg/dL| 0. 150| 0. 149| 0. 153| 0. 154| 0. 150| 0. 151| 3. 5 mg/dL| 0. 234| 0. 239| 0. 237| 0. 250| 0. 229| 0. 238| 5. 0 mg/dL| 0. 286| 0. 287| 0. 288| 0. 292| 0. 291| 0. 289| Unknown A| 0. 241| 0. 238| 0. 239| 0. 241| 0. 241| 0. 239| Based on the data from the known concentrations I found our unknown to be a concentration of 3. mg/dL. Conclusions: We used a spectrophotometer to determine the conce ntration curve for the known samples then used both the spectrophotometer and the concentration curve to determine the concentration of the unknown sample. This technique can be used by toxicologists to determine the amount of drugs in a person’s blood. This can be helpful if there was an overdose or if the district attorney needed to know the concentration of drugs in someone’s system.

All living things

All living things use some way to survive and defend themselves. Frogs use their skin in many ways for these reasons. So how do frogs use their skin, color and poison to survive and defend themselves? In this paper you will learn how frogs use their skin to live, survive and defend themselves. Frog skin is thin and naked. It has no scales, no hair, and no feathers. However, the skin of a frog is critical to their survival. Through it, they both drink and breathe. They also use their skin to absorb all the moisture they need through their skin because they do not swallow. Although frogs do have lungs, they rely on the extra oxygen they absorb through their skin, especially when theyre underwater. Frogs must keep their skin moist. Otherwise, oxygen cant pass easily through their skin and they suffocate. Frog skin secretes a mucus that helps them keep moist. Even so, their skin tends to dry out which is why they usually stay near bodies of water. They rely on dew for moisture or burrow themselves underground in moist soil. Although they rely on their skin for a lot of purposes they do rejuvenate themselves by shedding their skin once a week. This process consists of a lot of twisting, bending and stretching to loosen the skin. Once the frog has loosened ! it enough it pulls the skin over its head like a sweater and usually eats it. I have been describing simple and logical reasons for the importance of frog skin. However, there are more reasons to make it all the more fascinating. In frogs, pigmentation or skin color depends on the presence of specialized cells and the resulting optical phenomena. These cells are differentiated from the so-called neural crest during the stage when the brain and the spine are being formed and then migrate to the surface of the skin. The evolutionary history of the biology of pigmentation may be dry material, but it is the basis for the dazzling ...

SWOT RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SWOT AND ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example Student support has also been witnessed in various programs which have been introduced (UCI, 2015b). This is not only through the interest that the learners have in the programs but also in terms of financial support when the institutions need to come up with the required infrastructure (CSUSTAN, 2013). The major flaw is lack of required facilities. Being a fresh initiative, new infrastructure and facilities need to be put in place. Universities at times lack some of the needed equipment for the success of new programs (Senior Editorial Board, 2014; CEP, 2015). Fiscal uncertainty is another problem. Others include inability to hire and retain new staff, bureaucracy in the university operational structures, limited resources for research and development, lack of support and pervasive presence of the outside community. The presence and support of the external community is needed since the course entails exploring regional water usage in the state (California State University San Marcos, 2015). In additional to these, the highly competitive market for diverse faculty and the lack of pride from the internal community are considered among the

Harvard Business Case-Pitney Bowes Inc Assignment

Harvard Business Case-Pitney Bowes Inc - Assignment Example The email overload is one of the discovered stresses of the workplaces. It is evident that the founders of Stamps.com did identify the same jobs to be done (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009, p.57). Q 2). The reason that caused the Pitney Bowes team to lose focus on something that did this job, and instead end up with a postage meter at a price point can be discussed below. The reason is when the experts of the company began to predict the advent of the letter less and paperless, Pitney Bowes replied by investing heavily in measures of diversification. The diversification includes the leasing and acquisition of aircraft fleets and trucks. Then the CEO, who came up established postage meter at a price point (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009, p.57). Q 3). The ability of a new business growth can be enhanced by relying on substantial acquisitions to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise. The reason is that the purchases are cheaper, faster, and less risky than expansion that is organic (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009,

The Republic of Panama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Republic of Panama - Essay Example at could ensure the reclamation efforts were designed for the attainment of full sovereignty over the whole territory as well as for securing its independence in economic, political as well as on cultural matters. With the main aim of the changes being the achievement of complete freedom of the country’s social organization at the local level, it would be possible to insinuate that the changes would be of great benefit to the country. Some of the other objectives that would be beneficial include enhancing the people’s capacity to cooperate with people from the external world, and autonomy in making decisions related to its foreign affairs (Conniff, 2012). These changes led to the enhancement of the country’s productive capacity, which is a consideration that is likely to be beneficial not only to the whole community, but also to the trading partners. The changes stopped the appropriation of the country’s energies, which were exploited by supranational economic powers. For this reason, the changes were necessary for securing the nation’s autonomy, thereby emphasizing that the country has its inviolate territory (Conniff, 2012). This stresses the fact that the country has the sole use of its territory, which is strengthened by the development of a community that is aware of its history and that it is united in pursuing actual social justice. The treaty between the United States and Panama, signed in 1903, made it possible for the United States to construct and operate the canal joining the Pacific and Atlantic oceans across Panama (Conniff, 2012). The treaty provided the United States ability to occupy, control and use approximately 10 miles the width of the Canal Zone in perpetuity. In this case, the U.S. would hold full sovereign rights of the area, which led to numerous conflicts between the two countries in during the 1660s and 1970s. In restitution, the United States assured the independence of Columbia. However, this treaty, among others that were

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate social responsibility Essay 1) Corporate Ethics The broad area dealing with the way in which a company behaves towards, and conducts business with, its internal and external STAKEHOLDERS, including employees, investors, creditors, customers, and regulators. In certain national systems minimum standards are required or recommended in order to eliminate potential conflicts of interest or client/employee mistreatment. 2) Board of Directors (BOD) An appointed or elected body or committee that has overall responsibility for the management of a nonprofit or nonstock organization, such as a foundation, university or mutual fund. 3) Executive Officer is generally a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization. 4) Corporate Compliance means having internal policies and procedures designed to prevent and detect violations of applicable law, regulations, rules and ethical standards by employees, agents and others. It involves legal risk management and internal controls. 5) Corporate Governance refers to the set of systems, principles and processes by which a company is governed. They provide the guidelines as to how the company can be directed or controlled such that it can fulfil its goals and objectives in a manner that adds to the value of the company and is also beneficial for all stakeholders in the long term. 6) Corporate Responsibility includes being consistent with ethical principles and conduct such as honesty, integrity and respect for others. By voluntarily accepting responsibility for its actions corporations earn their licence to operate in society. 7) Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. 8) Corporate Sustainability is a business approach that creates long-term consumer and employee value by not only creating a green strategy aimed towards the natural environment, but taking into consideration every dimension of how a business operates in the social, cultural, and economic environment. Also formulating strategies to build a company that fosters longevity through transparency and proper employee development.

Terrorism, Surveillance, and Radio-Transmitters :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Terrorism, Surveillance, and Radio-Transmitters      Ã‚  Ã‚   ABSTRACT: This paper is an introduction into the discussion of different types of surveillance equipment. The paper centers on different intelligence agencies worldwide that use surveillance equipment, the types of information they need, and how they go about gathering the information. There is also a discussion on the most common type of surveillance equipment used by intelligence agencies, the radio transmitter. The transmitter is described in detail and its myriad of uses in surveillance are illustrated. Finally the ethical question of using surveillance devices that infringe upon the privacy of the individual is discussed.    The topic of our presentation was surveillance, however in order to get a better understanding of the need for surveillance in todays world it is necessary to investigate the role of intelligence organizations, who are one of the major users of surveillance equipment. This paper will analyze the purpose of intelligence organizations, look at the types of information these agencies are seeking, and identify key international intelligence agencies. Moreover the most common type of surveillance equipment used by intelligence agencies worldwide,the radio transmitter, will be examined and explained.    In a dissimilar world, with nations having many different political, economic, and social agendas, information is truly a prime element of a nation's power. Thus intelligence agencies have developed in all major countries to "collect and evaluate information for the purpose of discovering the capabilities and intention of their rivals."[1] In the United States, the importance of this type of information is illustrated by Executive Order No. 12333 which states that the nations intelligence system must "Provide the President with the necessary information on which to base decisions concerning the conduct and development of foreign, defense, and economic policy, and the protection of US. national interests from foreign security threats by any legal means necessary."[2] Consequently, collection of intelligence information is of prime importance for nations to subsiste.    The sources of this intelligence information come from two broad categories: public and covert. When most people think of intelligence organizations they automatically think of James Bond movies and other clandestine spy missions, however over 80% of the information that these intelligence organizations collect comes from public sources like newspapers, media, government documents, embassies, and diplomats. Only about 20% of the information comes from covert sources, but this 20% of the information often turns out to be the most valuable.

Answers To Digestion Review Questions

Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? 4. The diagram below represents a plant cell. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Which activity is illustrated in the diagram of an mamba shown below? A) congestion C) respiration For the process of photosynthesis, the arrow labeled A would most likely represent the direction of movement of B) synthesis D) ingestion 8. The diagram below represents a sequence of events that occurs in living things. Carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy oxygen, sugar, and solar energy carbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat energy sugar, water, and heat energy 5.Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant Structure. Letter X represents Which letter indicates the region where most photosynthesis takes place? 6. All of the cell shapes shown in the diagrams below have the same volume. Which form could absorb nutrients most efficiently and quickly? A) inorganic molecules B) organic molecules C) biological catalysts D) simple sugars 9. The diagram below represents a series of events that occur in living cells. Which molecule is indicated by X? A) glucose C) carbon dioxide B) AT p D) protein 12.Base your answer to the following question on Which process is illustrated in the diagrams below? A) circulation C) peristalsis B) absorption Base your answers to questions 13 through 15 on on the diagram below of the human digestive system and on your knowledge of biology. 10. The diagram below represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion. Which structures represent products of digestion? A) A and D C) B and E B) B and C D) D and E 1 1 . Which process increases the surface area of foods prior to chemical digestion? Hydration synthesis excretion mechanical digestion diffusion 13. In which structure does the initial hydrolysis (chemical digestion) of carbohydrates occur? 14. From which structure are glucose and amino acids normally absorbed into the circulatory system (the blood)? 15. In which structure does extracurricular(outside of the cell) chemical digestion of protein begin? 16. Before starch can enter a cell, it must be absorbed by simple sugars diffused into simple sugars digested to form simple sugars actively transported by simple sugars 17.Which molecule can diffuse from the digestive tract not the human bloodstream without first being digested? A) protein C) fat B) starch D) glucose 18. Teeth chewing food into smaller digestible pieces is known as chemical digestion circulation regulation 19. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a portion of the human body. The principal function of structure X is to produce salivary enzymes secrete sex hormones absorb water digest bile 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents the human digestive system. Pepsin and trying are human digestive enzymes. The graph indicates that pepsin would function best in the A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestine 21 . Which structures secrete chemicals utilized for the completion of digestion within the small intestine? Liver and pancreas slumberous and villa esophagi and alveoli gallbladder and pharynx 22. Which foods should be included in a balanced diet as a good source of roughage? Red meat and poultry fresh fruits and vegetables eggs and milk products animal fat and plant oil 23.If a person was unable to break down food particles into molecules that loud be absorbed by the body, you would predict A) there is a malfunction with the digestive system B) there is a malfunction with the excretory system C) there is a malfunction with the reproductive system D) there is a malfunction with the circulatory system D) large intestine 24. Feces is usually about 40 percent water and 60 percent solid matter. Reducing the water content to 20 percent would most likely r esult in A) ulcers C) diarrhea B) appendicitis D) constipation 25.Base your answer to the following question on select the organ, chosen from the diagram below, that is most loosely related to that malfunction. A painful condition results from erosion of the surface of this organ by gastric juices. 26. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled â€Å"catalyst† is also known as A) a hormone C) an antibody B) an enzyme D) an inorganic compound 27. Base your answer to the following question on In the reaction illustrated in the diagram below, which structure represents the enzyme? 28.

Methods In Early Childhood Education Essay

Social and emotional development harmonizing to Cohen and other experts as ( cited in Social Emotional Development sphere Child Development, 2009 ) includes the ability of a kid to show and pull off his emotions every bit good as his ability to construct positive relationships with others. They shared the same position as Howard Gardner ‘s theory of multiple intelligence on intrapersonal and interpersonal procedures and presented a strong relationship between cognizing of one ‘s feelings and the feelings of others. Gardner believed that if both these abilities are good developed in immature kids, it will beef up their sense of ego and the relationship with others. ( cited in Dowling, 2005 p.61 ) . On the other manus, Nowicki & A ; Duke, 1989 ( cited in Dowling, 2005 ) supported Gardner, as they found that kids who are sensitive to others and aware of their ain feelings appeared to accomplish better in school than those with similar rational ability but less emotional abil ity. Social Competence Social knowledge refers to â€Å" self – contemplation or believing about one ‘s ego â€Å" , Berk ( 2000 p. 440 ) . As stated in Jean Piaget ‘s theory, societal development takes topographic point through interaction between the kid and the environment and that the developing kid constructs his ain cognition. On the other manus, Vygotsky viewed socialization as two fold – foremost, knowledge every bit related to societal battle and secondly linguistic communication as a tool for communicating within the societal context. ( cited in Berk, 2000 ) . As such, societal accomplishments play a critical function in assisting kids header with the many complexnesss and demands of the universe. Definition of societal accomplishments Social accomplishments can be defined as the â€Å" ability to implement developmentally appropriate societal behaviors that enhanced 1s interpersonal relationship without doing injury to anyone † ( Schneider, 1993 p.19 ) . 0938982 Harmonizing to Jalongo ( 2006 ) , societal competency is defined as a set of abilities, behaviors and responses directed towards other persons that serve to further positive human relationships. Katz and McClellen ( 1997, p. 9 ) suggested that constituents of societal accomplishments include societal apprehension and interaction accomplishments. It was stated that kids equipped with a basic cognition of linguistic communication, norm and imposts of others are more capable of prosecuting skillfully in their equals activities. They further discussed that communication, discoursing, negociating, turn- pickings, collaborating, jointing penchants, accepting via medias and sympathizing with others constitute portion of societal interaction. Prosocial behavior consists of three distinguishable classs and they are sharing, assisting and cooperation harmonizing to Marion, 2003 ( cited in Preusse, 2008 ) . It was besides stated that development of cognitive and emotional competences is indispensable for a kid ‘s development of prosocial behavior. On the other manus, Vygotsky, in Berk & A ; Winsler,1995 ( cited in Preusse,2008 ) viewed socialization as two crease, knowledge in relation to societal battle and linguistic communication as a tool for societal communicating. He farther emphasized the importance of sociodramatic drama by which cognitive development occurs in kids through societal interaction. Definitions for sharing and turn – taking Turn -taking Turn – pickings is portion of prosocial accomplishments that kids need to develop. Katz and McClellan ( 1997, p. 46 ) commented that a big portion of societal interaction involves turn – pickings. It was noted that bend – taking involves being able to place cues in the spouse ‘s behavior indicating that the other is about to convey his or her bend to an terminal, spoting what minute will be best to convey forth one ‘s bend. 0938982 Sharing Sharing is a common type of happening in preschool contexts and it is critical for kids to larn this accomplishment so as to interact positively with others. Harmonizing to Adams & A ; Baronberg ( 2005, p. 68 ) sharing means â€Å" two people utilizing the same thing at the same clip † . Definition of Performing Humanistic disciplines Harmonizing to the Collin ‘s lexicon, humanistic disciplines such as dance, music and play that are performed unrecorded in forepart of an audience is referred to as executing humanistic disciplines. Performing as mentioned by Wright ( 2003 ) includes the physical or bodily competency and reading supplying a foundation for kids ‘s larning utilizing a scope of motion techniques. Performing will affect the participant being observed by health professionals, equals and instructors in the schoolroom context. Theories of Musical Development and how does it excite kids ‘s development Harmonizing to Jerome Bruner, ( cited in Isenberg & A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 129 ) kids proceed through three cognitive phases: 1 ) enactive, 2 ) iconic and 3 ) symbolic and each of these phases suggests developmentally appropriate music experience for kids. Bruner ‘s enactive phase relates to Piaget ‘s ( 1952 ) sensorimotor phase and Erikson ‘s ( 1950 ) trust – edifice phase where physical activity and music are interwined. Therefore musical activities stimulate kids ‘s senses, cognitive development and besides builds societal relationships. Role of Music and Movement in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Music, harmonizing to Gardner, 1973 ( cited in Isenberg & A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 129 ) contributes to the kid ‘s physical, rational, emotional, societal, cultural and aesthetics development. As stated by McAllester, 1991 ( cited in Isenberg & A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 131 ) music encourages engagement, sharing and cooperation. Through musical activities such as vocalizing and games, â€Å" kids learn to subordinate their single wants to the ends of the group which is the kernel of cooperation. † 0938982 To heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments, music is an effectual plan for kids to accommodate to societal accomplishments in a merriment and gratifying manner. Leonhard, 1983 ( cited in Lau, n.d. ) respects music as a societal art that has the capacity to unify societal groups and enable each person to experience as portion of the group. While Spodek, Saracho and Lee, 1983 ( cited in Lau, n.d. ) farther emphasized that music has the ability to pull the shy and withdrawn kid to come closer with their equals and supports societal relationships. Catron & A ; Allen, ( 2003 p. 213 ) farther supported that immature kids must larn to collaborate with equals and act in a socially responsible mode so that they would develop a cooperation spirit through take parting in a assortment of little group activities. Music is portion of the course of study and it is so a great manner to expose kids through musical activities that include vocals, musical games and rhythmic activities as the learning tool to heighten kids ‘s societal skills.. Singing simple vocals enable kids to absorb societal values better than when they are being taught. If vocals touch on values and rules, kids will get down to integrate them into their societal development. Music activities besides allows kids to sing, dance and usage certain gestures for certain parts of the vocal and these besides allows them to let go of societal and emotional jobs. Children are invariably sing new emotions and state of affairss as they grow and each new experience contributes to their societal development. As stated by ( Forsyth,1977 ; Madsen & A ; Alley, 1979 ; Sim,1986 ; Standley & A ; Hughes,1996 ) . Research workers have documented the effectual usage of music to heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments particularly when intercessions and instructions involve the usage of participatory activities. 0938982 Definition of Dance Dance, harmonizing to Schiller & A ; Meiners ( cited in Wright, 2003 p. 91 ) is a â€Å" agencies of showing interior feelings, experiences and cultural individuality and recognised as a critical and dynamic executing art with motion as the medium of look and the organic structure as its instrument. † On the other manus, Russell – Bowie ( 2009 p. 189 ) defines dance as a â€Å" agencies of go throughing cognition, accomplishments and attitudes from one individual to another from one coevals to the following. It is a jubilation of life, a ritual and a manner of showing heartache, felicity, surprise, sorrow, joy and accomplishment. It is a powerful vehicle for non – verbal communicating, self – look and creativeness. † Theories of Dance and how does it excite kids ‘s development Rudolph Laban ( 1963 ) , the male parent of motion instruction ( cited in Isbell & A ; Raines, 2007 p. 226 ) recommended that through motion kids developed organic structure consciousness, infinite consciousness and understood the different fluctuations of motion. . He created a system of analyzing motion through the elements of â€Å" clip, infinite, weight and flow † which educators usage as benchmarks to heighten both motor accomplishment development and creativeness when kids move. Besides associating to physical motion and the development of originative thought accomplishments is Howard Gardner, ( 1983 ) theories of multiple intelligences as he describes bodily kinesthetic intelligence as the â€Å" ability to unify the organic structure and head in physical public presentation, get downing with control of automatic and voluntary motion, kinesthetic intelligence progresses to utilizing the organic structure in extremely differentiated and skilled manner. â€Å" ( cited in Isbell & A ; Raines, 2007 p. 226 ) Role of Dance in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Murray, 1975 ( cited in Wright, 1991 p. 116 ) stated that dance is a medium for showing the entire ego. In originative dance, â€Å" subjective feelings about the universe are transformed into nonsubjective signifier † and physical, rational, societal and emotional responses are integrated during motion activities and hence dance is a valuable and natural manner for kids to show their thoughts and feelings. 0938982 Cecil – Fizdale, 1982 ( cited in Wright, 1991 p. 116 ) mentioned that motion and dance offers chances for kids to place and work out jobs, enhances their ability to react, prosecute in societal interaction and grasp of others which is a critical portion of kids ‘s early acquisition and socialization. Cornett ( 1999 ) further suggests eleven good grounds for instructors to utilize dance in the schoolroom one of which is â€Å" Dance can increase sensitiveness, regard and cooperation † as kids job solve through motion in a group, they are able to gain how each one has a different manner of utilizing the state of affairs every bit good as to utilize legion ways of showing ideas and feelings. They become cognizant that working in groups is better than working entirely and these will enable them to be motivated to larn. Definition of Drama Drama as defined by Ewing & A ; Simons, 2004 ( cited in Russell – Bowie, 2009 p. 225 ) as ‘ utilizing the organic structure in clip and infinite to research issues, inquiries, positions or thoughts. ‘ While Russell-Bowie, ( 2009 p.226 ) verifies that play as â€Å" a manner of doing significance of the universe around us and allows kids to populate in another individual ‘s universe and to research that individual ‘s manner of thought, feeling, moving, showing and being. Effective play is an integrating of idea, action and emotion. † Theories of Drama and how does it excite kids ‘s development Cognitive development theoreticians acknowledge that kids learn through drama and experiences they gain within their environment as Piaget, 1963 ( cited in Isbell & A ; Raines, 2007 p. 245 ) ) explained that â€Å" gesture and mummer are linguistic communication in gesture † and that this is the societal linguistic communication of kids which is the connexion between motion and linguistic communication that originative play provides. Drama provides kids with many chances for meaningful communicating and societal interaction. These interactions is what Vygotsky ( 1978 ) mentioned was necessary for the â€Å" internalisation of new cognition. † ( cited in Isbell & A ; Raines, 2007 p. 245 ) 0938982 In add-on, Bandura, 1977 ( cited in Freeman, Sullivan & A ; Fulton, 2003 p. 133 ) stresses that procedures of play is â€Å" consistent with the theory of behavioral alteration on the footing of ego – efficaciousness and that one benefit of play is the edifice of personal assurance gained through work in a non -threatening environment. † Role of Drama in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Pinciotti ( 1993 p. 27 ) mentioned that through originative play, † kids move from personal experience into a shared group image and that this group nature of originative play immense participants in a cognitive, societal and emotional experience. † Cornett ( 1999 ) further supports the demand for instructors to incorporate originative play in the schoolroom as she states foremost, â€Å" play is portion of existent life and prepares kids to cover with life jobs † while take parting in the play kids are able to look at jobs from an alternate point of position, regard diverse thought and realise that there are many solutions for any one job. Second, â€Å" play can heighten kids ‘s psychological well – being allows kids to show feelings and emotions. † Personal development takes topographic point as kids control their organic structure and words as they express thoughts and feelings during the play activities. Positive self – image and ego -confidence besides emerge through the job work outing state of affairss. Children besides become cognizant that people feel a scope of emotions and that feelings can be dealt in a positive manner. Through play, kids develop tolerance and credence. Third, ‘ † Drama builds cooperation and develops societal accomplishments † as kids work in groups to be after and prosecute in play, they develop the ability to give and take, cooperation and hearing is enhanced and allows kids to happen appropriate functions and develop societal consciousness. Social accomplishments can be developed in play as kids working in a group overcome troubles through job work outing. They experience working with equals as they negotiate programs to present the play. During these interactions, kids begin to work hand in glove and â€Å" these collaborative attempts are effectual in furthering a community of scholars in which there is common regard for diverse thoughts and attacks † . Isbell & A ; Raines ( 2007 p. 246 ) 0938982 Teacher ‘s function in heightening societal accomplishments development Harmonizing to Raikes, 1996 ( cited in Preusse, 2010 ) secure attachment bonds between the kid and health professional creates a sense of trust that supports the kid for geographic expedition of the universe and builds a strong base for future development. As such, it is instead of import for instructors to construct strong relationship with kids under their attention. On the other manus, Berk, 2002 ( cited in Preusse, 2010 ) mentioned that preschool kids become independent, concerted as they gain their linguistic communication accomplishments, ego consciousness and to believe in another individual ‘s point of position. All these will enable kids to hold better societal interaction with their equals. Therefore, it is the instructors ‘ function to ease and supply the chances and activities to heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments. Teacher – parent partnership is another of import factor in heightening kids ‘s societal accomplishments as stated by Webster- Stratton ( 2006 p. 6 ) â€Å" household engagement has positive effects on kids ‘s academic accomplishment, societal competency and school quality. † On the other manus, Brand & A ; Fernie, 1983 ( cited in Isenberg & A ; Jalongo 1997, p.145 ) stated that â€Å" instructors fulfil their musical functions and duties when they function as incentives, contrivers, co – participants and perceivers † . As such, it is the instructor ‘s attitude and belief that plays an of import function in supplying these chances for kids to heighten their societal emotional accomplishments. Further, instructors besides need to be trained in order to transport out the assorted humanistic disciplines activities. They must hold the cognition to detect kids and to place and be after harmonizing to kids ‘s demands in order to heighten their societal emotional development. 0938982 Decision Prosocial behavior is portion and package of go oning in an person ‘s life context. Constructing a strong foundation in societal accomplishments during the early childhood old ages is important to a kid ‘s societal behavior in ulterior life. As the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation ( 2005 ) Education For All Monitoring study indicates that in order for pedagogues to accomplish and make a cohesive, peaceable and comfortable society, our instruction systems need to instil a sense of community, grasp for cultural diverseness, assurance and self – regard in our kids. The value of humanistic disciplines and civilization in quality instruction was besides mentioned and it was stated that all attempts are being made worldwide to integrate humanistic disciplines and civilization in the instruction systems. Therefore, kids ‘s engagement in executing humanistic disciplines is one of the many schemes that can be employed to heighten their s ocietal emotional accomplishments. However farther observations and survey is needed to reason the impact of these humanistic disciplines activities on the societal and emotional development of kindergartners. 0938982